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Kabbalah in the Talmud
Kabbalah in the Talmud Biblical Interpretation in Jewish Mysticism 자료출처 http://daniel-gigi.suite101.com/kabbalah-in-the-talmud-a202863 The Kabbalah is often considered periphery to Jewish culture, but its conspicuity in the Talmud, Judaism's primary text, reveals its centrality in Jewish life. The Talmud has always been the primary source of Jewish culture, even above the Hebrew bible itself. Everything which can be observed in modern Jewish life can be traced to the pages of the Talmud. It is also the most studied and taught text in Judaism. Principally it is the source of all Jewish law and custom. It consists of two parts: the Mishnah, which is an older, more concise redaction of what is referred to as the Oral Torah, or Oral Law; and the Gemara, which is in the form of a commentary on the Mishnah. Most modern editions of the Talmud also include medieval commentaries on the combined text of the Mishnah and Gemara. Kabbalah in the Talmud Along with general legal discussions, the Talmud also contains biblical interpretations, medical advice and, most pertinently, mystical exegesis. Although many tractates contain some form of mystical references, discussions about angels and demons, dream interpretation etc, the largest body of Kabbalistic discussion occurs in Tractate Hagigah, Chapter 2. Ads by Google One Million Dollar Bill Blessed by the Kabballah Find the Secrets of the Kabballah www.luckybill.net Free Messianic Bible If you love Israel & Jewish People Reserve your Free Bible Today! www.MessianicBible.com The first Mishnah of this chapter opens with a qualification of who is eligible to learn Kabbalah and how it is to be taught: “One may not expound upon [Sitrei] Arayoth before three people; (one may not expound upon) Ma’aseh Bereshith before two; (one may not expound upon) Ma’aseh Merkavah before one, unless that person is wise and understands by himself.” (Talmud Tractate Hagigah 11b) The Mishnah identifies three grades of Kabbalistic study and their requisites for study. The first is Sitrei Arayoth, or the Mysteries of Sexuality. In the first instant this refers to the laws of the forbidden unions, as the Gemara proceeds to explain, but in Kabbalistic circles, and as the contexts seems to imply, Sitrei Arayoth is actually a mystical discipline (see Inner Space, Aryeh Kaplan, p. 131). The exact nature of this discipline is still a matter of interpretation. The second grade of study is Ma’aseh Bereshith, the Workings of Creation. The Mysteries of Creation form a discussion of the hidden meanings of the creation narrative in Genesis. It is here that the Gemara makes reference to the ten Sefirot, the ten creative elements which frame and formulate the universe. As the Mishnah initially states, it is forbidden to teach the Mysteries of Creation to more than one student at a time. The reason for this is lest the second student fail to comprehend properly and come to err in his beliefs. The final grade of study is Ma’aseh Merkavah, the Workings of the Chariot. This is a discussion and mystical commentary on the first chapter of Ezekiel. It is here that the Gemara gives a description of the Shiur Komah, the Proportions of the Godhead. However, the Gemara also adds a qualification that “one may teach only the Chapter Headings” (ibid. 13a), accordingly it gives only brief captions of the great quarry of wisdom contained in Mysteries of the Chariot. The Role of Talmudic Kabbalah in other Schools In the wider study of the Kabbalah, the Talmudic descriptions of the Sefirot and Shiur Komah are only the very beginnings. Most modern schools of Kabbalah do not directly reference the mystical elements in the Talmud, but they are clearly influenced by it. In fact it is difficult to come across Kabbalah which does not in some way mirror the foundations which are present in the Talmud. Sources: Talmud Tractate Hagigah, Chapter 2 Inner Space, Aryeh Kaplan |
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