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o The World Christian Movement

   The ecumenical drive toward a one-world religion.
   Ecumenical drive which will fit into the New World Order.
   The connections go to the Vatican and even to the United Nations.
Some key names who are leaders in the movement or supportive of the movement and its new doctrines, according to the Media Spotlight article: Ralph D. Winter, C. Peter Wagner, Billy Graham, John Stott, Rich Carey, Donald McGavran. 
Organizations involved in this movement as reported by the article: Fuller Theological Seminary, Billy Graham Evangelistic Association, Campus Crusade for Christ(CCC), Catholic Renewal Movement, Celebrate Jesus 2000, Concerts of Prayer, Evangelicals for Social Action, Gathering of the Nations, InterVarsity Christian Fellowship(IVF), Jesus Film Project, King's Kids, Lausanne Global Prayer Strategy, March for Jesus, Muslim Prayer Focus, Pax Christi, Promise Keepers, Renewal International, Renovare, Sentinel Group, Spiritual Warfare Network, Southern Baptist Convention Foreign Mission Board, Urban Alternative, Women's Aglow, World Methodist Council, World Vision, Wycliffe Bible Translators, Youth With A Mission (YWAM), Young Life, Youth for Christ.
o ÇÁ¸®¸ÞÀ̽¼ Àι°
Famous historical figures that were Freemasons include Benjamin Franklin, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Henry Ford, Irving Berlin, Louis Armstrong, and Douglas MacArthur, along with George Washington and several other U.S. presidents.

 - ºô¸® ±×·¡ÇÔ  (Billy Graham) :  27¼¼ ¶§ ÇÁ¸®¸ÞÀ̽¼¿¡ °¡ÀÔ      
    
 BOTH THE "LOUISIANA MASONIC FAMILY" WEB SITE AND THE OFFICIAL GENESSEE LODGE NO, 174 OF FLINT, MICHIGAN REPORT THAT THE REVEREND BILLY GRAHAM IS A FREEMASON!!

 The Louisiana Masonic Family Website has a section entitled, "Famous Masons" In the subsection entitled, "Other Famous Masons", they report that the Reverend Billy Graham is a Freemason!

Today, Reverend Graham is cooperating with the Roman Catholic Pope and the Vatican on many issues, he has been seen speaking to the World Council of Churches, and cooperating with other apostate religious leaders.
The Ecumenical Movement seeks to unite all churches of all denominations, even though many of these churches hold different doctrines, some them of very important doctrines. 

Billy Graham is such a key person for the Illuminati and the Satanic plan to bring in the Anti-Christ and the One-World-Religion, key parts of Graham's life have been intentionally shrouded, When he joined the masonic lodge c. 1948, they intentionally kept his membership more secret than others.

Billy Graham has been selected and used by the Illuminati to work to bring about a One World Global Church based at the Vatican. 

The Billy Graham Crusade held 9/92 in the Portland, Oregon area is an excellent example of Graham's compromise with Rome.

Some of the three biggest ministers in the protestant world, Robert Schuller, Norman Vincent Peale, and Oral Roberts are all 33¡Æ Masonic brothers of 33¡Æ Freemason Billy Graham. 

Billy Graham endorsing and helping other 33rd Degree Freemasons such as Oral Roberts, Robert Schuller and Norman Vincent Peale.
Graham endorses this apostate as well, saying: "Robert Schuller is a great man of God.
- ³ë¸¸ ºó¼¾Æ® ÇÊ(Norman Vincent Peale)
       ´º¿å ¸¶ºíÇùµ¿±³È¸ ¸ñ»ç·Î Àû±ØÀûÀÎ »ç°í¹æ½ÄÀÇ ÀúÀÚÀ̸ç "°¡À̵åÆ÷½ºÆ®"ÁöÀÇ »çÀå 
       
Norman Vincent Peale, 33¡Æ Freemason, his church receive the bulk of people who came forward at the NY Crusade.

Peale is a good friend of Billy Graham, and Billy Graham referred the largest number of new converts of the NY Billy Graham Crusade to Peale's church. 

Peale is also the person who is most responsible for bringing psychology into the professing Church (particularly the false gospel of self-esteem), blending its principles into a message of "positive thinking." 

Peale also advocated such New Age and/or occult teachings as visualization/positive imaging, pantheism, human potential, positive confession, positive thinking, etc. On a 1984 Phil Donahue Show, Peale, a 33rd degree Mason, said, "It's not necessary to be born again. You have your way to God, I have mine. I found eternal peace in a Shinto shrine" . (Shintoism is an ancient Oriental religion that fuses ancestor worship with mysticism.) He also said, "I've been to Shinto shrines and God is everywhere. ... Christ is one of the ways! God is everywhere. ... Just so we think good thoughts and just so we do good, we believe we'll get to heaven" 

Peale denied the necessity of believing in the virgin birth, and maintained that Jews, Muslims, and other non-Christians worship the true God, and that a person must do good works to get to heaven. Peale did not believe that Christ was eternal God, and thereby, he rejected the Christian doctrine of sin, did not believe that Jesus Christ's sacrifice atoned for sin, and did not believe in the physical resurrection of Christ. In Peale's writings, God is never presented as Judge, nor even as Savior -- he defined religion as: "... a scientific methodology for thinking your way through problems". To Peale, there was no such thing as true religion or even moralism, only self-esteem, self-help, and self-recovery. Peale's "faith" was not faith in God, but "faith in faith," which means faith in your own capacities as a means in attaining the well- adjusted life. 

The dedication of the Temple Architects Hall of Honor was one of the highlights of the 1991 Biennial Session. An original oil portrait of President Harry S. Truman, 33¡Æ, donated by the Scottish Rite Foundation of Missouri in 1990, was the premier painting installed in the Hall. Since then, 30 other portraits have been installed in the Hall. Among them are such outstanding American Scottish Rite Freemasons as General James (Jimmy) Doolittle, 33¡Æ, G.C.; Gene Autry, 33¡Æ, G.C.; Dr. Norman Vincent Peale, 33¡Æ, G.C.; Senator Sam J. Ervin, 33¡Æ; Bishop Carl J. Sanders, 33¡Æ.
- ·Î¹öÆ® ½¶·¯ (33µµ) : ¼öÁ¤±³È¸ ´ãÀÓ¸ñ»ç, ±àÁ¤Àû »ç°í¹æ½Ä

Like Norman Vincent Peale, Robert Shuller is also a 33¡Æ Mason.

Robert Schuller, good friends with many 33rd Degree Freemasons such as Billy Graham, Norman Vincent Peale, John Wayne, W.Clement Stone and also.Rich DeVos the founder and chairman of Amway Corporation. He also names John Wimber of the Vineyard-Toronto churches as one of the top ten ministers on the planet. 

Schuller was helped into ministry by Masonic brother Billy Graham.
Robert Schuller taught a Masonic gospel.

Strongly influenced by his mentor, Norman Vincent Peale, Schuller has focused in his teaching on the aspects of Christianity that he considers positive.

Robert Schuller has patterned his ministry after the teachings and self-based psychology of Norman Vincent Peale. 

Schuller reinterprets the doctrines of the Word of God to conform with his self-esteem philosophy. His Christ is a Jesus who provides men with self-esteem. Schuller's gospel is the replacement of negative self concepts with positive ones. To Schuller, sin is merely the lack of self-esteem. To Schuller, the greatest evil is to call men sinners in a Biblical fashion and thereby injure their self-esteem. Schuller is a universalist who believes that all people are the children of God. His goal is to help each person understand and enjoy this "fact."  Schuller's message is that there is no need for one to recognize his own personal sin, no need for repentance, and no need for the crucifixion of self. In fact, concerning the latter point, Schuller teaches just the opposite philosophy -- that self is to be exalted -- which is nothing less than an outright denial of the Gospel of Jesus Christ.

Since Schuller will not preach from the pulpit the gospel of repentance of sin and faith in Jesus Christ, nor teach from the Bible.
Robert Schuller believes that God placed him on this Earth to preach possibility thinking . 
"I believe in positive thinking. It is almost as important as the resurrection of Jesus Christ" 

Schuller's "possibility thinking" replaces truth.

For Schuller, then, "faith" is a power of the mind and "God" is merely a placebo that helps one "believe" and thereby activate mind power.       
- ¸¯ ¿ö·» (Rick Warren) : »õµé¹é ±³È¸ ´ãÀÓ¸ñ»ç, ¸ñÀûÀÌ À̲ô´Â »î      
           
Rick Warren has since bragged that he is a member of the Illuminati's Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) 
 Now¡¦ re-calling that Warren had mentioned that he is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations this has raised some red flags across the blogosphere around the globe. The reason being is that the CFR has for a long time been associated with a plan that is to set up a One World Government and a New World Order to bring peace across the globe.

   World net Dilly ½Ã»çÆò·ÐÁöÀÇ ÆíÁýÀåÀ¸·Î È°µ¿ÇÏ´Â Joseph Farah
I was puzzled, because back in November, Warren had told me he was a proud member of the Council on Foreign Relations and had learned much about the Middle East at the organization's briefings.
Purpose Driven Ecumenism is driving Protestantism into the arms of Rome, embracing the coming False Prophet 

The pastor pointed out that the New Age implications of Rick Warren¡¯s teachings did not stop with his teacher Robert Schuller, or even to Schuller¡¯s teacher, Norman Vincent Peale. 

Warrens "PDL" is listed as a Top 10 Catholic Bestseller
Catholic churches are using "PDL"
Warren's pastor-training programs welcome Catholics, Methodists, Mormons, Jews and ordained women. 
A church ministry based on a market-study of the unregenerate, rather than a study of the Scriptures: When Rick Warren began his church, he started out using the very same methodology of Robert Schuller and Bill Hybels. Not surprisingly, Schuller praises the book inside the front cover, and Hybels highlights the book on his Willow Creek Internet web site! 
Warren spoke at a Schuller event with Wimber, Hybels
Warren's "PDC" book is on the supplemental reading list at Wagner Leadership Institute in Church Growth Movement
¸ñÀûÀÌ À̲ô´Â »î Ãßõ :Bill Bright, Founder, Campus Crusade for Christ International 
                       Jack Hayford, Pastor, The Church on the Way
                       Robert H. Schuller, Pastor, The Crystal Cathedral
                       Billy and Franklin Graham 

 ¸ñÀûÀÌ À̲ô´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ ¹®Á¦Á¡
   http://www.1tim612.net/others/Rick_Warren_1.htm

- ºô ÇÏÀ̺§½º(Bill Hybels)  :  Àª·Î¿ìÅ©¸¯ ±³È¸ ´ãÀÓ¸ñ»ç 

Billy Graham, a 32-ste degree Free Mason, is the founder of Youth for Christ. Both Schuller and his protege Bill Hybels are 33-ste degree Free Masons. Also the WEF/WEC (World Evangelical Fellowship/Churches) and the EA (=Evangelical Alliance) were founded by the Free Masons... 

Schuller Planted, Hybels Watered, Warren (Peter Drucker) Gives The Increase
Bill Hybels and Rick Warren consider Schuller to have had the most influence on their ministries. The Church Leadership Institute was where both Hybels and Warren found a great passion to pursue their ministries.

seeker sensitive services : services designed to get lost people to enjoy church without guilt or shame; no sermons against sin and no call for repentance

These are obviously self-focused gospels that are entirely devoid of a recognition of man's sin problem.

The Hybels family are big fans of psychological counseling.
Bill Hybels is also an advocate and promoter of self-esteem and self-love.

Since 1990, Hybels also has served on the board of directors of James Dobson's organization, Focus on the Family. Dobson is the leading promoter of self-esteem in so-called evangelicalism today. Hybels also has close ties with self-esteem teacher/possibility thinker/apostate Robert Schuller.

 be serving as a 'New Age spiritual guide.' Mystic ways of praying (repeating and meditating) were being taught along with frequent references to Quakers and Catholics. New Age authors like mystic Quakers Parker Palmer and Renovar founder Richard Foster were quoted frequently
 Foster, a Fuller Seminary psychologist, teaches quietism, mantras, centering, Buddhism, Yoga, etc., yet is promoted in thought and books at Willow Creek. 
Other big name occultists/mystics/New Agers, and/or just plain false teachers promoted at Willow Creek are Carl Jung, Morton Kelsey, Brennan Manning, Karen Mains, M. Scott Peck, David Seamands, Thomas Merton, Henri Nouwen, Philip Yancey, Mother Teresa, Pope John Paul II, Gilbert Bilezikian, George Fox, Parker Palmer, Ignatius Loyola (Jesuit priest), and David Keirsey.

Hybels has endorsed Catholic-sympathizer Chuck Colson's book, The Body: Being Light in Darkness. Colson, ever ecumenical, praises the Catholic chain of command and includes the Catholic Church as a part of the body of Christ.
- º£´Ï Èù (Benny Hinn, 33µµ) :  [¾È³çÇϽʴϱî? ¼º·É´Ô]ÀÇ ÀúÀÚ
     AGENT OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLAR

The Christian Research Institute became especially alarmed by Hinn's references to the Godhead that seemed at best unorthodox and at worst heretical. On both his television program and in his book, Hinn asserted that all three persons of the Triune Godhead have their own independent bodies, souls, and spirits, as well as wills.

What alarmed most critics of Hinn is his statement that "there are nine of them [Spirits of God]." Some took this to mean that there are nine persons, which is not what Hinn was saying. "Nine of them" referred to the separate elements of the Trinity: three bodies, souls, and spirits.

  "¾Æ¹öÁö Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀΰÝüÀÌ½Ã¸ç ±×ºÐ²²¼­´Â ¾Æµå´Ô°ú ¼º·É´ÔÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ¾î ½º½º·Î »ïÀ§¸¦ °®°í °è½Ê´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ¹öÁö Çϳª´ÔÀº ÀΰÝüÀ̽øç, ¾Æµé Çϳª´Ôµµ ÀΰÝüÀ̽ðí, ¼º·É Çϳª´Ôµµ ÀΰÝüÀ̽ʴϴÙ. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ ¼¼ ºÐÀº ½º½º·Î »ïÀ§¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´ç½ÅµéÀÌ ³î¶öÁöµµ ¸ð¸£°ÚÁö¸¸, Çϳª´ÔÀº ±¸À§, Áï ¾ÆÈ© °³ÀÇ ½ÅÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ."
ÀÌ´Ü ¿¬±¸°¡µéÀº ÇÑ°á°°ÀÌ º£´Ï ÈùÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¿¡ ´ã±ä Çϳª´Ô°üÀÌ ÀÌ´Ü ±³¸®¶ó°í ±ÔÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±³È¸»ç ±³¼öÀÎ Á¸½¼ (Gary Johnson)Àº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.
"º£´Ï ÈùÀº »ïÀ§ ÀÏü°¡ ¾ÆÈ© ¸íÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ·± ÁÖÀåÀº ÀÌ´ÜÀÌ´Ù. "

Hinn teaches that when one is born again by faith in Jesus, he is given a new spirit man that wasn't there before -- a spirit man that is divine in nature and God-like.

Hinn asserts that though we are not Almighty God Himself, nevertheless, we are now divine. 

º£´Ï Èù¿¡ µû¸£¸é, ¾î¶² ÀÌ°¡ °Åµì³ª¼­ ¼º·É´Ô²²¼­ ±× »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¿µ ¾È¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇϸé, ±× »ç¶÷Àº ½ÇÁ¦·Î ½Å¼ºÀ» °®°Ô µÇ¾î ¹®ÀÚ ±×´ë·Î »ç¶÷-Çϳª´ÔÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 
 '´ç½ÅÀº ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡¼­ ÇຸÇÏ´Â ÀÛÀº ½Å (A little god)ÀÌ´Ù.'"

One of the characteristics of Hinn's services has been his claim to impart the Holy Spirit at will by blowing on people. Obviously God is at Hinn's disposal. And he doesn't mind being made a spectacle in the process.

The phenomenon known as being "slain in the Spirit" is a trademark of modern charismaticism. And while I would not say that God will or cannot come upon someone with such a power, it becomes obvious that, coupled with false teachings, the power transmitted by Hinn  is not of God. 
- ·Î·» Ä¿´×ÇÜ (Loren Cunningham) : YWAM (¿¹¼öÀüµµ´Ü) ⸳ÀÚ

YWAM has worked closely with Catholic charismatics.

YWAM is a promoter of ecumenical, charismatic, psychologized men's movement,
 as evidenced by various YWAM directors speaking at PK men's conferences.

YWAM is a signatory to the 1974 Lausanne Covenant -- an ecumenical evangelism effort begun by Billy Graham and Leighton Ford.

YWAM has sought and received the endorsements of a number of liberals and ecumenicals: Bill Bright (Campus Crusade for Christ), Tony Campolo, Dick Easton, Millard Fuller (Habitat for Humanity), Jack Hayford, Bill Hybels, Bill McCartney (Promise Keepers), and Billy Graham. 

YWAM participates in the A.D. 2000 Evangelism organization. Billy Graham, Luis Palau, Campus Crusade's Bill Bright, and Kyun Chik Han of Korea were named as four Honorary Co-Chairmen. A.D. 2000 Evangelism is ecumenical, compromising to the core, and even has some New Agers in its ranks, yet many undiscerning or uninformed professing believers are supporting, praising, and participating in it.  This unscriptural evangelism movement includes Roman Catholics, Orthodox, Charismatics, Pentecostals, and Protestants of all kinds. 

YWAM's leadership, including both Loren Cunningham and Joy Dawson, have been on the Benny Hinn "This Is Your Day" show in endorsement of his ministry, pledging to work with him. Joy Dawson flew to Hawaii with Hinn for his 2002 crusade, and stood on stage with Hinn promising that YWAM would work with Hinn to evangelize the youth of the islands. Local YWAM leadership in Hawaii is now responsible to implement Hinn's future crusades in Hawaii, and YWAM will be helping Hinn all over the world. 

YWAM has been promoting heretical books by Third Wavers like Rick Joyner and Francis Frangepane, publishes books by George Otis, Jr. and C. Peter Wagner, and hands out many others all over the Hawaiian Islands to pastors and church leaders there.  YWAM is actively inviting people out of Biblical churches to go to Third Wave churches and events. In Micronesia, YWAM is actively proselytizing people from Evangelical churches to go to the Brownsville type church there, using false spiritual warfare techniques such as binding territorial demons, blowing shofars on mountain tops, getting the Holy Spirit by impartation and "through the mouth," going up to the hills with salt and water to "reconcile men with women in the culture," prayer walking, spiritual mapping, etc.
- ºô ºê¶óÀÌÆ®(Bill Bright) : ´ëÇлý ¼±±³È¸(CCC)ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚ·Î, ±èÁØ°ï ¸ñ»çÀÇ Ä£±¸

Both Graham and Campus Crusade's Bill Bright publicly endorsed the ministry of Robert Schuller. 

CCC has become a highly ecumenical organization.

Bill Bright was one of the "joyful" endorsers of the scheme that was based on the charismatic, name-it-and-claim-it/ positive confession/ health and wealth gospel theory.

As early as 1969, Bill Bright said, "We do not attack the Roman Church. We believe God is doing a mighty work in it and will no doubt use millions of Roman Catholics to help evangelize the world". There was also "Explo '72" in Dallas; "Key '73 Evangelism" in which Roman Catholics, Orthodox, ecumenists, evangelicals, and charismatics all participated; and "Explo '74" in South Korea, all organized by Bill Bright. At Billy Graham's Amsterdam '86 conference, Bright said, "There was a day when Protestants and Roman Catholics would not have much to do with one another. But today the Spirit of God is doing such a great working in both the Roman Catholic and Protestant fellowships and communications that I feel much at home wherever Jesus Christ is honored". Bright was questioned about Roman Catholic and Orthodox involvement at the Amsterdam '86 conference. His answer was: "The Holy Spirit of God is doing something unique in most major denominations -- Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist, Roman Catholic ... In all denominations I think there is a return to New Testament faith".

Campus Crusade also has Roman Catholics on staff. 

CCC's International Committee of Reference includes 33 degree Mason Roy Rogers, Johnny Cash, charismatic David Yonggi Cho, New Ager Jay Gary, 33 degree Mason and U.S. Senator Jesse Helms, "Christian" rock singer Michael W. Smith, Pope-praiser Jack Van Impe, and dozens of other like suspects.

Pope John Paul II visited New York on 10/7/95 and said Mass in Central Park. Meeting privately with the pope were Bill Bright, Pat Robertson, and Chuck Colson.

 Bright joined hands with Catholic priests, Jewish rabbis, liberal Protestant clergymen, Muslim leaders, and other false gospelers in a "Summit of Faith" in Tallahassee, Florida, on 12/7/00.


- Á¸ À«¹ö(John Wimber) :   ºó¾ßµå ¿îµ¿ÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ, ·Î¸¶ ±³È²Ã»ÀÇ ±ØÂùÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖÀ½

Wimber's Vineyard movement was a strong influence in the "Laughing Revival" and Promise Keepers movements (top PK leaders are Vineyard members). Wimber, a former Quaker, emphasized supernatural healing, spiritual warfare, and prophecies. He taught a church growth course at Fuller Seminary with C. Peter Wagner. Many of Wimber's "signs and wonders" teachings are rooted in Eastern mysticism and mind-science inner healing techniques 

Wimber's teachings erred dramatically in three main areas

(1) Dependence on experience rather than Scripture, leading to both a pragmatic  and a subjective approach  -- "experience first, then mold theology to fit the experience," seemed to be Wimber's motto.

(2) Acceptance of occult/New Age practices in "Christian" forms, such as aura reading and manipulation, the teaching of "inner healing," astral projection, contact with familiar spirits, and psychological and occult methodologies.

(3) A mystical view of spiritual warfare that comes dangerously close to spiritism, culminating in the belief that even Christians can be possessed by demons.

Wimber's approach to healing was not the mere laying on of hands accompanied by fervent prayer, but the incorporation of an unholy mixture of Jungian psychology and Agnes Sanford's "inner healing" techniques, both of which have their roots in the occult, but have become popularized in our day through the New Age Movement. 

Wimber consistently maintained an ecumenical spirit toward Roman Catholicism. He frequently appeared on the same platforms with Roman Catholic clergy in ecumenical gatherings, and hosted Catholic "leaders" at his various church growth/healing seminars. 

Wimber's doctrine of Demonology was thoroughly unscriptural.

 As an example of a practice rejected by the church for centuries, but engaged in by Wimber and the Vineyard movement, is the use of relics . The use of relics of the dead is an utterly pagan concept with no Scriptural justification whatsoever.

Wimber was on Renovare's "Board of Reference" -- Renovare is an international, New Age, ecumenical organization.
- ÆÖ ·Î¹öÆ®½¼ (33µµ) : 

Pat Robertson, founder of the 700 Club and Regent University, is an ardent ecumenicist who has long worked and fellowshipped with Romanists. He exemplifies what is happening widely in Evangelical-Charismatic circles today. In fact, the Evangelical-Roman Catholic alliance which is led by men such as Robertson is drawing in pastors who profess to be fundamental Baptists.

In 1994, Robertson signed the "Evangelicals and Catholics Together" statement urging ecumenical unity. 

What does Pat Robertson believe concerning the inerrancy and inspiring of God's Word? On 6/1/78, Robertson stated on a 700 Club program: 
   "Anything coming through man is contaminated to some extent.
    Therefore, since the Bible came through man, there must be some errors in it. 
    So, we must never equate the Bible with the perfect Jesus." 

Regeant University (formerly CBN University) was founded by Robertson. Known for its liberal arts and law courses, it also boasts of a psychological counseling department that literally denies the sufficiency of Scripture:

Robertson endorsed Catholic-sympathizer Chuck Colson's 1993 book.

Robertson also had a seat of honor at the Mass during Pope John Paul II's 10/7/95 visit to New York. He also marched at the head of an ecumenical procession to the papal altar and was seated with Protestant, Orthodox, and evangelical leaders . 
He said his meeting with the Pontiff was "very warm" and,
                      through a personal letter hand-delivered to the pope, 
         pledged to work for Christian unity between evangelicals and Catholics. 
Robertson called the pope "a humble and caring servant of the Lord."
He said: "I believe the time has come where he must lay aside minor differences 
           and focus on the common ground of our faith in the lord Jesus Christ." 
Robertson said of the pope: "He's got great humility and spirituality."
Robertson saying: "We all admire the Holy Father tremendously. 
                   We all want to build bridges with the Catholic Church."  
Robertson said : "Pope John Paul II stands like a rock against all opposition 
        in his clear enunciation of the foundational principles of the Christian faith." 

The major thrusts of Robertson's books are disturbing to many of those aware of the strategies of the New Age Movement.

- ¾Ó¸® µÚ³¶(Henri Dunant 1828Á¦³×¹Ù Ãâ»ý): Àû½ÊÀÚ»çÀÇ Ã¢¸³ÀÚ·Î YMCA Ãʱâ ÁöµµÀÚ. 
- ÇÇÅÍ ¿Í±×³Ê(Peter Wagner) : ±³È¸¼ºÀ忬±¸ ÇÐÀÚ, Àº»ç¿îµ¿ÁÖÀÇÀÚ, ½Åº¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀÚ.
          Ç®·¯ ½ÅÇдëÇб³ ±³¼ö. ±¹Á¦±³È¸¼ºÀ忬±¸¿ø(CGI) ÀÌ»ç. 
- Á¸ ½ºÅäÆ®(John Stott) : ±âµ¶ Àú¼ú°¡. IVF ¼±±³È¸¿¡¼­ ±×ÀÇ Àú¼­¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß°£
- Á¦ÀÓ½º ÆÐÄ¿(J. I. Packer) : ¸®ÀüÆ® ´ëÇб³ ¼®Á ±³¼ö. Çϳª´ÔÀ» ¾Æ´Â Áö½Ä
- Âû½º Äݽ¼(Charles Colson) : Àü ¹Ì´ëÅë·É ´Ð½¼ÀÇ Âü¸ð·Î °¨¿Á¼±±³È¸ ȸÀå
- ·£µð Çʸ³½º(Randy Phillips) : ¾à¼Ó ÀÌÇàÀÚ(PK=Promise Keeper) ¼±±³È¸ÀÇ È¸Àå. 
- ÄÉƲ¸° Ä𸸠: ¿À¼øÀý Àº»ç¿îµ¿ ÁöµµÀÚ·Î, Mrs. Pentecost. ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯À» ÁöÁö
- ÈÄ¾È ±î¸¦·Î½º ¿À¸£¶ìÁî(Juan Carlos Ortiz) :  Á¦ÀÚÀԴϱî?
- Àè ÇìÀÌÆ÷µå(Jack Hayford) : ¹Ì±¹ º¥ ´©ÀÌÁî ±³È¸ ´ãÀÓ ¸ñ»ç·Î PK¿îµ¿ 
- Á¦ÀÓ½º µ½½¼(James Dobson) : °¡Á¤»ó´ã »ç¿ªÀÇ ±ÇÀ§ÀÚ, Focus on the Family         - ·¤ÇÁ ¸®µå(Ralph Reed) : ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³µµ·Î ¹Ì±¹ ±âµ¶±³¿¬ÇÕȸ ºÎȸÀå
- ·çÀ̽º Æȶó¿ì(Luis Palau) : ³²¹ÌÀÇ º¹À½ÁÖÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø Àι°. 
- Á¦¸® Æ÷À£(Jerry Falwell) : ¼º¼­Ä§·Ê±³È¸ Ãâ½Å, ¿¡Å¥¸Þ´ÏÄ® ¿îµ¿°ú ÇÔ²² º¹À½¹æ¼ÛÀ» ÁøÇà
- ÇÁ·©Å¬¸° ±×·¡ÇÔ(Franklin Graham) : ºô¸® ±×·¡ÇÔÀÇ ¾Æµé
- Âû½º ½ºÀ©µ¹(Charles Swindoll) 

o ÇÁ¸®¸ÞÀ̽¼ ¿îµ¿µé

- ¾ËÆÄÄÚ½º

   ´º¿¡Áö¿îµ¿À̸ç, ¼¼°è´ÜÀÏÁ¤ºÎ¿îµ¿(New Worlds Order)À̸ç
   »çźÀ» ¼þ¹èÇÏ´Â ÇÁ¸®¸ÞÀ̽¼ ¿îµ¿À¸·Î Á¤Åë ±âµ¶±³¸¦ Æı«½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ ±× ¸ñÀûÀ» µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù
   1976³â ¿µ±¹ ¼º°øȸ Holy Trinity Brompton±³È¸, Charles Marnham ½ÅºÎ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½ÃÀÛ 
   1985³â Nicky GumbelÀÌ HTB±³È¸¿¡ ºÎÀÓÇؼ­ ü°èÈ­½ÃÅ´

 The Alpha Course is mostly held in Vineyard and Charismatic churches, Roman Catholic, Anglican and other groups are using them.

The British publication, The Christian Research Network Journal, has scrutinized the Alpha program and come up with six major criticisms. The Journal says the Alpha Course is: ¡°massively over-hyped and spiritually deceptive ... with its wholly inadequate view of Christian conversion and experience.¡±

Chris Hand in his analysis of Alpha concludes the following:

¡°1. The God of Alpha is not the God of the Bible. ... it does not present us with the God who has revealed Himself in the Bible. ... It simply fails to tell us anything we need to know about God.


2. The plight of man in Alpha is not as serious as in the Bible. ... Alpha does not use strong terms and leaves us rather unclear about where we stand. As one follows its argument, sin is more to be seen in the way we have ¡®messed up our lives.¡¯... For all the gravity of sin, Alpha never allows us to feel too bad about ourselves. It never permits us to see ourselves in God¡¯s sight. That is a big omission.

3. The Jesus Christ of Alpha is not the Jesus Christ of the Bible. ... despite having part of the course titled ¡®Why did Jesus die?¡¯, it is unable in the final analysis to answer this question. ...

4. The love of God in Alpha is not the love of God of the Bible. ... The God of the Bible is love but it is love that is seen in His willingness to save sinners. ... without the context of God¡¯s holiness and absolute perfection, the meaning of love is lost to us. ...

5. The Holy Spirit of Alpha is not the Holy Spirit of the Bible. ... Alpha¡¯s ¡®Spirit¡¯ appears to work in ways that lie outside the confines of Scripture. Whoever it is that people are ¡®introduced¡¯ to at the Alpha Weekend, it is not the Holy Spirit. But whoever this mysterious guest is, he is equally at home with the ecstatic gatherings of New Age enthusiasts and non-Christian religions alike.

6. Conversions in Alpha are not like the conversions in the Bible. ... More often than not it is an emotional experience about the love of God but without any understanding of holiness or the need to be saved from our sins. ... For all its efforts, Alpha does not help us to know God. It does not describe the true and living God for us. It does not diagnose man¡¯s condition accurately enough. ... it is unable to supply us with the ¡®good news¡¯.¡±10

Central to the Alpha Course is not the Christian gospel, but the so-called ¡®Holy Spirit Weekend¡¯ which is in fact a thinly-disguised opportunity for initiation into the Toronto Blessing experience. Nicky Gumbel, curate at Holy Trinity, Brompton had received the ¡®blessing¡¯ from Eleanor Mumford of the South-West London Vineyard following her return from Toronto in May 1994. Subsequent to this event, Toronto-style teaching concerning the reception of the Holy Spirit took centre-stage. An unknown evangelistic tool had thus become a syncretistic mixture of orthodoxy and heresy.




 ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?  (Ron Hanko)

  ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º´Â 1979³â ·±´ø¼­ºÎ ºê·ÒÅæ(Brompton)¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ È¦¸® Æ®¸®´ÏƼ(Holy Trinity) ±³È¸¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¶õ û³âµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ ÄÚ½ºµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ ÀüµµÀûÀ̸ç Á¦ÀÚ ÈÆ·ÃÀû µµ±¸ÀÌ´Ù. °¡Àå ±âÃÊÀûÀÎ ÄÚ½º´Â 12ÁÖµ¿¾È ¸®´õ³ª ºñµð¿À¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇнÀµÇ´Â 15°úÀÇ ¼º°æ°øºÎ·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. °¢ °ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ªÀ¸¸ç °Ý½ÄÀ» Â÷¸®Áö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ¿¡¼­ Æí¾ÈÇÏ°Ô ÁøÇàµÈ´Ù. 

 ÀÌ ÄÚ½ºÀÇ ÇÑ ÈÄ¿øÀÚ´Â ¡°¿ì¸®´Â ±âµ¶±³ ½Å¾ÓÀ» ¹è¿ì¸ç ÀÌ¿Í µ¿½Ã¿¡ ½Å³ª´Â Áñ°Å¿ò°ú Àç¹Ìµµ ÇÔ²² ´©¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í ¹Ï½À´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×µé¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±³È¸´Â ¹Ù·Î ¡°¿¬È¸(party)"¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. 

 ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ ÄÚ½º¸¦ Áñ°Ì°í Àç¹ÌÀÖ°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ °¡Àå ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ ±³¸®´Â ¿Ö°îµÇ°Å³ª °£°úµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

  Áö³­ 1997³â¿¡ ¾à 50¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ÀÌ ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¸¦ ¼ö·áÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î Ãß»êµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ÜÁö ¼Ò¼ö¸¸ÀÌ ÀÌ ¾ËÆÄÄÚ½º°¡ ¼º°æÀûÀÎÁö ȤÀº ¼º°æÀû Áø¸®¸¦ °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ Áú¹®ÇÒ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ¼º°æÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¸¦ °ËÁõÇغ¸¸é ÀÌ ¿îµ¿Àº ¼º°æÀû ±âÁØ¿¡ ÀüÇô ¹ÌÄ¡Áö ¸øÇÏ¸ç ±×°ÍÀ» ÃßõÇϱâ´Â Ä¿³ç ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×°ÍÀ» °æ°íÇؾ߸¸ ÇÏ´Â Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ´Ù. Ưº°È÷ ³ª³ª´ÔÀÇ ¹é¼ºµéÀÌ ¿Ö ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¸¦ °ÅÀýÇÏ°í ¹è°ÝÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ 4°¡Áö Áß´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 

±×°ÍµéÀº ù°, Á¾±³ ÅëÇÕÀû °­Á¶Á¡, µÑ°, ±×°ÍÀÇ Àº»çÁÖÀÇÀû ±â¿ø°ú ±³ÈÆ, ¼Â°, ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯Á¾·ùÀÇ ºñ¼º°æÀûÀÎ ±³¸®µé ±×¸®°í ¸¶Áö¸· ³Ý°·Î ¼º°æ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ ¿©·¯ ÇÙ½ÉÀû ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸í¹éÇÑ ¼º°æÀû ±³ÈÆÀÇ ºÎÀçÀÌ´Ù. 

 Á¾±³ÅëÇÕÁÖÀÇ 

   ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º°¡ Á¾±³ÅëÇÕÁ¤½Å¿¡ ±âÃÊÇØ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¸í¹éÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÄÚ½ºÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚ´Â ¡°¾î¶² Àǹ̿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² ±³ÆÄ¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´ÂÁö´Â Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯ÁÖÀÇÀÚÀ̵çÁö °³½Å±³µµÀ̵çÁö, ·çÅÍÁÖÀÇÀÚÀ̵çÁö, °¨¸®±³µµÀ̵çÁö, ħ·Ê±³µµÀ̵çÁö, ¼º°íȸÁÖÀÇÀÚÀ̵çÁö °¡Á¤±³È¸ÁÖÀÇÀÚÀ̵çÁö ÀüÇô Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¿µÀ» ¼ÒÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´À³Ä ¾Æ´Ï³ÄÀÎ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. 

 ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¾±³ÅëÇÕÁ¤½ÅÀº ÀÌ ÄÚ½º¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÑ Àλçµé¿¡°Ô¼­µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â Çö»óÀÌ´Ù. ±×µé Áß¿¡´Â ÄËÅͺ£¸® ´ëÁÖ±³¿´´ø Á¶Áö Äɸ®(George Cayey), ¿µÇâ·Â ÀÖ´Â °³½Å±³ ÇÐÀÚÀÎ ¿¤¸®½ºÅÍ ¸Æ±×¶ó½º(Alistair McGrath), º¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿Í ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ¿¬ÇÕ¹®¼­¿¡ ¼­¸íÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀº Á¦ÀÓ½º ÆÐÄ¿(J. I. Packer), ºó¾ßµå ¿îµ¿ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚÀÎ Á¸ À«¹ö(John Wimber), Åä·ÐÅä ºí·¹½Ì°ú ´Ù¸¥ À̴ܻ缳µé°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¿þ½ºÆ®¹Î½ºÅÍ ±³È¸ÀÇ ÄË´Þ(R. T. Kendal)¸ñ»ç, ħ·Ê±³ ¿¬ÇÕȸÀåÀÎ Á¸ Á¦ÀÓ½º(John James), Àº»çÁÖÀǿÀÇ ¼±µÎÁÖÀÚµéÀÎ ½ºÆ¼ºê ÃÊÅ©(Steve Chalke)¿Í Á¦¶öµå ÄÚÅ×½º(Gerald Coates)µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. 

   ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÇÑ ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ÁÖ±³´Â ¡° ÀÌ ÄÚ½º¿¡´Â ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸ÀÇ ±³¸®¿Í À§¹èµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ´Ï ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ÀÌ ÄÚ½º´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯ÀÌ ÀüÇô È£°¨À» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´ø ¸¹Àº ±Ùº» ½Å¾ÓÁ¶Ç×µéÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ÈǸ¢ÇÑ ÇüÅ·ΠÁ¦½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

  ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °Í°ú Á¶È­µÇ¾î ¸¹Àº ·Î¸¶ °¡Å縯 ±³È¸µéÀÌ ÀÌ ÄÚ½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¼º°æÀ» ¹Ï´Â ¸ðµç °æ°ÇÇÑ ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ÀÌ ÄÚ½º¸¦ ¹è°ÝÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÌ´Ù. 

 Àº»çÁÖÀÇÀû °æÇâ 

 ÀÌ Á¾±³ÅëÇÕÁ¤½Å°ú °¡Àå ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÏ°Ô ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î °­·ÂÇÑ Àº»çÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °­Á¶ÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °ü½É»ç´Â ¡°³»°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼º·É¿¡ Ã游ÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?¡±ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ´ë´ä °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª°¡ ¹Ù·Î ¡°¹æ¾ðÀÇ Àº»ç¡±¸¦ ¹ÞÀ½À¸·Î ±×·¸°Ô µÇ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

  ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ¿¹¾ð°ú ²Þ°ú ȯ»óÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô ¸»¾¸ÇÏ½Å´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä£´Ù. »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Ä¡À¯ÀÇ Àº»çµµ °¡¸£Ä¡¸ç ¸öÀÇ Áøµ¿°ú ¼º·É ¾È¿¡¼­ÀÇ È£Èí ±×¸®°í ¸öÀÇ ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎºÐ¿¡¼­ °æÇèÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶ß°Å¿ò°ú ÈïºÐ µîÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔ¿¡ À־ ºó¾ßµå ¿îµ¿ÀÇ Ã¢½ÃÀÚÀÎ Á¸ À«¹öÀÇ Àú¼­µéÀ» ÃßõÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Àº»çÁÖÀÇÀû ¿µÇâÀº Ȧ¸® Æ®¸®´ÏƼ ±³È¸°¡ ¡°Åä·ÐÅä ºí·¹½Ì¡±À» Àå·ÁÇÏ´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ´Ù. 

 ¼º°æÀû ±³ÈÆÀÇ °áÇÌ 

 ¾Æ¸¶µµ ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½ºÀÇ °¡Àå ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ¼º°æÀ» °¡Àå Àû°Ô °¡¸£Ä£´Ù´Â µ¥ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î ·Î¸¶ õÁÖ±³ÀÇ ÇÑ ÁÖ±³°¡ ÀÌ ÄÚ½º¿¡¼­ ·Î¸¶ õÁÖ°í¿Í ±³¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ý´ëµÇ´Â ³»¿ëÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ¸»ÇÑ µ¥¼­µµ ±Ø¸íÇÏ°Ô µå·¯³­´Ù. ½Å¾ÓÀÇ °¡Àå Áß´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ±³¸®µéÀº ¸ðµÎ °£°úµÇ°Å³ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¾ÆÁÖ ÇÇ»óÀûÀ¸·Î¸¸ ¾ð±ÞµÉ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. 

 ÀÌ´Â ¸í½ÃµÈ ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½ºÀÇ ¸ñÀû°úµµ ºÎÇյǴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ¾ËÆÄÄÚ½º´Â ¡°º¹À½¡±À» ÀüÇô ¡°À§ÇùÀûÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº ¹æ½Ä¡±À¸·Î Á¦½ÃÇÏ¸ç »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¡°Áø¸®¡±¸¦ ¹è¿ì´Â µ¿¾È Àç¹Ì¸¦ ´À³¢°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¸í½ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 

   ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ º¹À½ÀÌ ¼º°æ¿¡ °è½ÃµÈ ±×´ë·Î ¼ø¼öÇÏ°Ô ÀüÆĵDZ⸸ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀº ±× ´©±¸¿¡°Ôµµ ÀüÇô Àç¹Ì¸¦ ÁÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ °ÇÀüÇÑ ¼º°æÀû ±³ÈÆÀÇ °áÇÌÀº Áø¸®º¸´Ù´Â °¨Á¤°ú °æÇèÀ» °­Á¶ÇÏ°í Ī¼ÛÇÏ´Â ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½ºÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ Àº»çÁÖÀÇÀû °­Á¶¿Í Àß ¾î¿ï¸°´Ù. °¨Á¤°ú °æÇèÀº ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¿¡¼­ Áß´ëÇÑ À§Ä¡¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¿ì¸®¸¦ ÀÚÀ¯ÄÉ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº °¨Á¤ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó Áø¸®¶ó´Â »ç½ÇÀ» °áÄÚ Àؾ´Â ¾ÈµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù(¿ä 8:32). 

 ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹ÏÀ½À¸·Î ¸»¹Ì¾ÏÀº ĪÀÇ, ¼±ÅÃ, °Å·è°ú Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ, ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ½ÉÆÇ°ú Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Áø³ë, À²¹ý, Ÿ¶ô, ȸ°³ ±×¸®°í Áß»ý°ú °°Àº ±âµ¶±³ÀÇ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÌ°íµµ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ±³¸®µé¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇÑ, ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º´Â °ÅÀÇ Ä§¹¬ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª °¡Àå ½É°¢ÇÑ ´©¶ôÀº ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º°¡ Çϳª´Ô Àڽſ¡ ´ëÇؼ­ °ÅÀÇ °¡¸£Ä¡Áö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿µ»ýÀº À¯ÀÏÇϽŠÇϳª´ÔÀ» ¾Æ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ¼º°æÀÇ ±³ÈÆÀ» ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º ¾îµð¿¡¼­µµ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù(¿ä 17:3). ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é Á˸¦ ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±Ùº»ÀûÀÎ Áø¸®ÀÎ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ Á¤Àdzª ½ÊÀÚ°¡, ±¸¿ø, ±×¸®°í ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ½ÉÆÇÀº ÀüÇô ¾ð±ÞµÇÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ¾ð±ÞµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù·Î Çϳª´ÔÀÇ »ç¶ûÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã ÀǽÄÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ¿Ö°îµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ½É°¢ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¸¦ ´Ù ¸¶Ä£´Ù Çصµ ¼º°æÀÇ Çϳª´Ô¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

 °ÅÁþµÈ ±³ÈÆ 
 ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º°¡ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â ³»¿ëÀº ³ë°ñÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÅÀÚµéÀ» ÇöȤ½ÃŲ´Ù. »ïÀ§ÀÏü°¡ ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½¿¡µµ °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ±³ÈÆÀÌ ¼ººÎ Çϳª´ÔÀ̳ª ±×¸®½ºµµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¼º·É¿¡ ÁýÁߵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÇ ¿äÇѺ¹À½ 16Àå 13-14ÀýÀ» ÀǵµÀûÀ¸·Î ¹«½ÃÇϴ ó»ç´Ù. 

 ±¸¿ø¿¡ °üÇÑ ±³ÈÆ Áß, ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º´Â Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷À» »ç¶ûÇÏ½Å´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä¡´Â öÀúÇÑ ¾Ë¹Ì´Ï¾ÈÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÌÀÚ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ±×¸®½ºµµ´Â ¸ðµç À̸¦ À§ÇØ µ¹¾Æ°¡¼ÌÀ¸¸ç, ¹ÏÀ½Àº ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ À§ÇÑ Àΰ£ÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÌ¸ç ±¸¿øÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ °áÁ¤¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¿ìµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

 ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ±×µé¿¡°Ô À־ ÁË´Â Çϳª´Ô°ú Çϳª´ÔÀÇ À²¹ýÀ» ¹üÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¡°»îÀÌ ¾û¸ÁÁøâ µÈ °Í¡±»ÓÀ̸ç, ºÒÇà°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹®Á¦ÀÏ »ÓÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÁË´Â ¹üÁË°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾ÇÇÑ °á°úÀÏ »ÓÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

 Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ¿À´Ã³¯¿¡µµ ¿¹¾ð°ú ²Þ°ú ȯ»ó°ú ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÅëÇÏ¿© ¸»¾¸ÇÏ½Å´Ù°í °¡¸£Ä§À¸·Î ¼º°æÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿Í ÃæÁ·¼ºÀº Æò°¡ ÀýÇÏµÇ°í °¥¶óµð¾Æ¼­ 5Àå¿¡ °Ô½ÃµÈ ¼º·ÉÀÇ ¿­¸Å°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ À°Ã¼Àû ÈïºÐ°ú ¿©·¯ Çö»óµéÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇÑ ¹æ¾ð°ú ÀÌÀûµé¸¸ÀÌ ¼º·ÉÀÇ Áõ°Å·Î °£ÁֵǴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

 °á±¹ ¾ËÆÄ ÄÚ½º¿¡ Á¦½ÃµÈ º¹À½Àº ´Ù¸¥ º¹À½ÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¼±¹°·Î¼­ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµ¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ¹ÏÀ½°ú Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ÁÖ±ÇÀû ÀºÇý·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï´Â ±¸¿øÀÇ ¡°º¹µÈ ¼Ò½Ä¡±ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Çϳª´Ô²²¼­ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ±³È¸µéÀ» ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±³ÈÆ¿¡¼­ ÁöÄÑÁֽñ⸦ ±â¿øÇÑ´Ù.

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     ¹Ú¼öÁø¸ñ»ç(¼­¿ï²Þ²Ù´Â±³È¸), ¹Ú»ó¹®¸ñ»ç(³²¾çÁÖÆòÈ­±³È¸), ¼Û´ë¿õ¸ñ»ç(³²´ëÀü¼º°á±³È¸)
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 - PK (Promise Keepers)
   1991³â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ Bill McCartney¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ½ÃÀÛ.
 ¸ÆÄ«Æ®´Ï´Â ÀÚ¼­Àü¿¡¼­ ÀÚ½ÅÀº ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå°è õÁÖ±³ °¡Á¤¿¡¼­ ž õÁÖ±³µµ¿´´Ù°í ¹àÈû.
ÇöÀç PK¿îµ¿ÀÇ È¸ÀåÁ÷À» ¸Ã°í ÀÖ´Â Randy Phillips ¿ª½Ã ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ½ÅÀÚ·Î,
±×´Â Æò¼Ò ÁÖÀåÇϱ⸦ ±³¸®¿Í »ó°ü¾øÀÌ Á¾±³°¡ Çϳª µÇ±â¸¦ ÁöÇâÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀå.
PK¿îµ¿Àº ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯ÀÌ ±âµ¶±³¸¦ Æı«½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¸¸µé¾î ħÅõ½ÃŲ ¿îµ¿.

Promise Keepers is the gigantic new (1991) "men's movement" among professing evangelical Christians. Its roots are Catholic and charismatic to the core. PK's contradictory stand on homosexuality; its promotion of secular psychology; its unscriptural feminizing of men; its depiction of Jesus as a "phallic messiah" tempted to perform homosexual acts; and its ecumenical and unbiblical teachings should dissuade any true Christian from participating. Promise Keepers is proving to be one of the most ungodly and misleading movements in the annals of Christian history.

Promise Keepers has taken pagan worship one step further. The first exposure of P.K. that I read documented that fact that the Promise Keepers distributed a book filled with sexual imagery of a very perverted sort. This article revolves around the pagan worship of the phallus (male reproductive organ). The story starts in July 1997 when the Supreme Council of the 33rd Degree of Freemasonry in it"s official publication called "The Scottish Rite Journal" made a call to raise funds to restore the Masonic obelisk in Washington D.C. and also placed it on the cover of the magazine. This vile structure has been worshipped by pagans for centuries and it represents the phallus which is also associated with sun and serpent worship. It was designed by Freemasons, named after a Freemason and the cornerstone laid in Masonic ritual. Therefore it is a sexual, pagan, satanic, Masonic idol that Christians should identify and avoid. But these facts have been ignored and Christians are being deceived about the nature of this idol. 

PK(Promise Keepers)¿Í CCC-À¯ÇàÀ» ÁÀ´Â ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé, ½Ã´ë¿îµ¿¿¡ Æí½ÂÇÏ´Â ¸ñȸÀÚµé, ´«¾Õ¿¡ º¸ÀÌ´Â °¡½ÃÀû Çö»ó¿¡ µµÃëµÇ¾î µ¶(Ô¸)À» Ç°°í¼­ »ç¶÷À» Á×ÀÌ´Â »Ñ¸®¸¦ ¸øº¸°í ÀÖ´Ù. PK¿¡¼­´Â Áø¸®º¸´Ù ÀÏÄ¡(Unity)°¡ ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀÚ½ÅÀ» 'born again Catholic'À̶ó°í ¸»ÇÑ ¡¸ºô ¸ÆÄ«Æ®´Ï¡¹°¡ 1996³â 2¿ù 13-15ÀÏ »çÀÌ¿¡ ¡¸¾ÆƲ¶õŸ¡¹ ½ºÅ¸µð¿ò¿¡ ¸ð¿´´ø ¸ñȸÀÚ/ãêÝ«µé¿¡°Ô ¾ð±ÞÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö-"¸ñ»çµéÀÇ °¡½¿À» ³Ð°Ô ¿­¾î Á¦ÃÄ, ÀÏÀÎ(1ÀÎ)üÁ¦ ¸®´õ½±(¡¸·Î¸¶±³È²¡¹À» ÀǹÌ)À» âÃâÇÏÀÚ/tear the hearts of pastor wide so that a single leadership can be produced-"´Â ¼­±â 2000³â±îÁö ¸ðµç Á¾±³¸¦ ÅëÇÕ, ·Î¸¶ ±³È²Ã» ¹Ø¿¡ µÎ·Á´Â ¡¸´º¿¡ÀÌÁö¡¹Ç÷£ÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. 

PKâ¼³ÀÚ Bill McCartney´Â '·Î¸¶Ä«Å縯' ±³À°À» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ¸¸ç,¡¸¹Ì½Ã°£¡¹ÁÖÀÇ ÃµÁÖ±³ Àº»ç¿îµ¿ Ãâ½ÅÀ¸·Î¼­ 'a lifelong active Catholic'À̸ç, õÁÖ±³ ¡¸¹Ì»ç¡¹ Á¤±âÂü¿©ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. PKÀÇ Çö ȸÀå Randy Phillips¿Í ºÎȸÀå Paul Edwardsµµ õÁÖ±³ÀÎÀÌ´Ù. À̵éÀº ·Î¸¶±³È²Ã»ÀÌ °¡¸£Ä¡´Â '½ÉÁßÀ¯º¸' ÇàÀ§¸¦ µû¶ó ±âµ¶±³Àεé·Î °¡ÀåÇÑ ¾ç(åÏ)ÀÇ Å»À» ¾´ À̸®µéÀÌ´Ù. '½ÉÁßÀ¯º¸'(mental reservation)¶õ ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¡¸·Î¸¶¡¹¿Í ¾î¶² °ü°è¸¦ ¸Î°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¼û±â±â À§ÇØ °ÅÁþ¸»À» Çصµ µÈ´Ù´Â ·Î¸¶Ä«Å縯±³È¸ÀÇ ¿ë¼­ÇàÀ§¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. 

õÁÖ±³µµµéÀÇ PK Âü¿©¸¦ °èȹÇß¾ú´Ù./ ... full Catholic partivipation was his intention from the start." 1997³â 10¿ù 4ÀÏ¿¡ ¼öµµ ¡¸¿ö½ÌÅ桹¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´ø PKÁýȸ¸¦ ¾ÕµÎ°í õÁÖ±³Àº»ç¿îµ¿ÀÇ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ ÁöµµÀÚÀÎ Mike Timmis°¡ PKÀÇ È¸Àå´Ü(Board of directors)¿¡ ÀÓ¸íµÇ¾ú°í, õÁÖ±³ ºÎÈï»ç Jim Berlucchi°¡ PKÀÇ Key Speaker·Î ¹ßŹµÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, Áö³­ 6¿ù¿¡´Â PKº»ºÎ°¡ ÀÖ´Â ¡¸µ§¹ö¡¹¿¡¼­´Â PKÀÇ 'Catholic Summit'°¡ °³ÃֵǾú´Ù. PK¿¡ Âü¼®Çϴ õÁÖ±³µµµéÀº ¸ðµÎ õÁÖ±³È¸·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡µµ·Ï Á¾¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â, ±âµ¶±³È¸»ç 2000³â »ç¿¡ °¡Àå ¹«¼­¿î 'Á×ÀÌ´Â' ÀÌ ¿îµ¿À» '»ì¸®´Â'¿îµ¿À¸·Î Âø°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â, "½º½º·Î ÁöÇýÀÖ´Ù°í Çϳª ¿ìµÐÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾î"(·Ò1.12) ¾î¸®¼®À» Á¤µµ·Î ¹Ì·ÃÇÑ, Ç㿵¿¡ µé¶á '¼Ò°æ' ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº õÁÖ±³È¸°¡ °¡Àå ºó¹øÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Àü¼ú-'Join to destory/agree to disagree'-¿¡ ±â¸¸´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 

PKÀÇ Jack Hayford´Â 'Seven Promises'¿¡¼­ ¡¸Å©¸®½ºÃµ¡¹ ÀÏÄ¡ÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀ» 'ÁÖ(ñ«)ÀÇ »ó'(the Lord's Table)¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çϸ鼭, ¹Ì»ç(the Mass)¿Í ÁÖÀÇ ¸¸Âù(the Lord's Super)À» °°Àº °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çϸ鼭 ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ È¥µ·ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¼ö²²¼­ ½ÊÀÚ°¡»ó¿¡¼­"´Ù ÀÌ·ç¾ú´Ù"°í ÇϽŠ¸»¾¸À» ºÎ²ô·´°Ô ¸¸µå´Â õÁÖ±³ÀÇ ¹Ì»ç(the Mass)±³¸®¿¡ ¹«Áö, "¸¶±ÍÀÇ ±³¸®"¸¦ ÁÀ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 

¡¸±Øµ¿¹æ¼Û¡¹ÃÊûÀ¸·Î ³»ÇÑÇÑ PKȸÀå ¡¸·£µå Çʸ³½º¡¹ÀÇ Çѱ¹¹æ¹® (¡¸ºû°ú ¼Ò±Ý¡¹,1997³â 12¿ùÈ£,56pp)À» °è±â·Î PKÀÇ Çѱ¹»ó·ú À¯Ä¡¸¦ À§ÇØ ±èÀåȯ ¸ñ»ç(¡¸±Øµ¿¹æ¼Û¡¹»çÀå),±èÁØ°ï ¸ñ»ç(CCC ÃÑÀç), ±×¸®°í ÇÏ¿ëÁ¶ ¸ñ»ç(¿Â´©¸®±³È¸) µî, 20¿©¸íÀÇ ±³°èÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ °£´ãȸ¸¦ °¡Á³´Ù(±¹¹ÎÀϺ¸,. 1997³â 11¿ù 1ÀÏÀÚ). "½ÅÇÐÀûÀÎ ¡¸Å×·¯¡¹ºÐÀÚµé"(theological terrorists)ÀÇ Çѱ¹±³È¸ ħÅõ¸¦ ½Ö¼öµé¾î ȯ¿µ, µµÀÔÇÏ·Á´Â ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÇ ¹«Áö¸ù¸Å(Ùíò±ÙÕØÜ)ÇÔ°ú ¿µÀû °£À½ÁËÀÇ ±íÀ½À¸·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿©, Çѱ¹±³È¸¿Í ¹ÎÁ·°ú ±¹°¡°¡ ´çÇÒ ¾î·Á¿òÀº °¡È÷ ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ Ãø·®ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¸¸Å­ ¾öû³ª¸®¶ó´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©´Â ÀǽÉÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. 

NAM°ú NWO¸¦ Á¶Á¾ÇÏ´Â ¡¸·Î¿ç¶ó¡¹ÀÇ µÎ µµ½Ã ·Î¸¶¿Í ºü¸®. Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¹é¼ºµéÀ» Á×À̱â À§ÇÑ ' »õ·Î¿î ½ÊÀÚ±º ¿øÁ¤'ÀÌ ºü¸®¿¡¼­ ¹ß°£µÇ´Â õÁÖ±³ÀÇ ¿ø°£Áö GoliasÀÇ Æ¯ÁýÈ£(autumne 1991)¿¡ ½Ç·È°í, ÀÌ ¿øÁ¤Àº ¹Ì±¹À¸·Î °Ç³Ê°¡ ³²¼ºµé¸¸ÀÇ ¿îµ¿ Áï PK·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù. PK°¡ °¡´Â °÷¿¡´Â ´Ã CCC°¡ µû¶ó ´Ù´Ñ´Ù. ECTÀÇ ÁÖâÀÚ ¡¸ºô ºê¶óÀÌÆ®¡¹¼±ÀåÀÌ ¹è¸¦ Á×À½ÀÇ Ç×±¸·Î ¸ô°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ־, ¼±¿ø(°£»ç)µéÀº »ç½ÇÀ» »ç½Ç´ë·Î Á÷½ÃÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏÁú ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 

Promise Keepers  ¿îµ¿ÀÌ ±¹³»¿¡ µµÀÔµÈ °ÍÀº ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ ÀÌ ¿îµ¿ÀÌ È°¹ßÇÏ°Ô ÃßÁøµÇ´ø Áö³­ 97³â ±èÀåȯ ±èÀÇȯ ¸ñ»ç¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¼Ò°³µÅ 99³â Çѱ¹ ÇÁ¶ó¹Ì½º Å°ÆÛ½º°¡ Á¶Á÷µÆ´Ù. 
ÇÁ¶ó¹Ì½º Å°ÆÛ½º ¿îµ¿ÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¿Â´©¸®±³È¸°¡ ¾Æ¹öÁö Çб³¸¦ °³¼³, ¼ö¸¹Àº ¼ö·áÀÚ¸¦ ¹èÃâÇßÀ¸¸ç ¸í¼º±³È¸, ÇÒ·¼·ç¾ß±³È¸, »ç¶ûÀDZ³È¸ µî ¸¹Àº ±³È¸µéÀÌ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ÅëÇØ ³²Àڻ翪À» ÆîÄ¡°í ÀÖ´Ù. 
 
Àû±ØÂü¿© : ºô¸® ±×·¡ÇÔ, ºô ºê¶óÀÌÆ®, ÆÖ ·Î¹öÆ®½¼, ·Î¹öÆ® ½¶·¯, º£´Ï Èù, Á¸ À«¹ö
    ÀÌ»çÀå : ±èÀÇȯ ¹Ú»ç (Àü ÃѽŴë ÃÑÀå)
    ÀÌ»ç : ±èÀåȯ¸ñ»ç(¼¼°èħ·Ê±³ÃÑȸÀå), ±è»óº¹¸ñ»ç(ÇÒ·¼·ç¾ß±³È¸), ±è»ïȯ¸ñ»ç(¸í¼º±³È¸),
           ±è¿¬Åùڻç(´ëÇѽÅÇдëÇÐ ÃÑÀå), ÀüÈ£Áø¹Ú»ç(ȶºÒ Æ®¸®´ÏƼ ½ÅÇдëÇпø)
           ¹ÚÇü¿ë¹Ú»ç(ÇÕµ¿½ÅÇдëÇпø)
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25ÂÊ ºÐ·®ÀÇ [ECT ¹®¼­]´Â, ¾î¶² ŸÇùÀÇ ¿©Áö¾øÀÌ, Ä«Å縯 ±³µµµé°ú º¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¹äƼ½º¸¶(ħ·Ê)ÀÇ Á߿伺 ¹× ¼º°æÀÇ ±ÇÀ§ µî°ú °°Àº ¸î¸î Áß´ëÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ½ÃÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ôµµ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡, Áï Å©¸®½ºÃµÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀǹÌÇϴ°¡ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀüÇô ¾ð±ÞµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. »ç½Ç»ó ÀÌ·± Áß´ëÇÑ Â÷ÀÌÁ¡ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÁ¶Â÷µµ ºÎÀεǰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ º¹À½À» ŸÇùÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ À̹ø¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø µ¿ÀÇÀÇ Çٽɺο¡ ±ò·Á ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 

À̹øÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû ¼±¾ð µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ä¼Ò´Â Àú¸íÇÑ º¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ ¿¹Àü¿¡´Â »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú´ø °Í, Áï "È°µ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î Ä«Å縯 ±³È¸¿¡ Âü¼®Çϸé Å©¸®½ºÃµÀÌ µÈ´Ù"´Â »ý°¢À» ÀÎÁ¤Çß´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ À̵éÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀÌ ÂüÀ¸·Î ¿Ç´Ù¸é, Á¾±³°³ÇõÀº ºñ±ØÀûÀÎ ½Ç¼öÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¾±³°³Çõ ÀÌÀüÀÇ 1000³â µ¿¾È ±×¸®°í ±× ÀÌÈķκÎÅÍ Áö±Ý±îÁö Ä«Å縯 ÁÖÀǸ¦ °ÅÁþ º¹À½À¸·Î Æø·ÎÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» °ÅºÎÇß´Ù´Â ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¼ø±³ ´çÇÑ Çì¾Æ¸± ¼ö ¾øÀÌ ¸¹Àº ¼ø±³ÀÚµéÀº ÇêµÇÀÌ Á×Àº °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ °³ÇõÀÚµéÀÌ ¿Ç¾Ò´Ù¸é, À̹ø¿¡ Ä«Å縯 ±³µµµé°ú º¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø »õ·Î¿î ¿¬ÇÕÀº Àüü ±³È¸ ¿ª»ç ¼Ó¿¡¼­ º¹À½¿¡ °¡Àå Ä¡¸íÀû »óó¸¦ ÀÔÈ÷´Â °¡Àå ±³¹¦ÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾îÂîµÇµçÁö, ÀÌ°°Àº ½Ãµµ·Î ÀÎÇÑ °á°úµéÀº ¾öû³­ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̹øÀÇ ¿¬ÇÕ ¼±¾ðÀ» Âù¾çÇϸ鼭, Àú¸íÇÑ º¹À½ÁÖÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼±¾ðÇß´Ù.

"ÀÌ ¹®¼­´Â Áö³­ ¸î½Ê ³â°£¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÁøÇàµÇ¾î ¿Â ¸ðµç Á¾±³ ÅëÇÕ ³íÀǵéÀ» º¯°æ½Ãų °¡´É¼ºÀ» ³»Æ÷ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.....ÀÌ°ÍÀº »õ³¯À» ÀǹÌÇϸç, »ç½Ç ¹®È­Àû »ç¿ª°ú ±Ùº»Àû ½ÅÇÐ »ç¿ª¿¡¼­, ·Î¸¶ Ä«Å縯 ±³µµµéÀº º¹À½ÁÖÀÇÀڵ鸸ŭÀ̳ª ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô °¡Àå Ä£ÇÑ Ä£±¸ÀÌ´Ù.". Moody, 1994³â 5¿ùÈ£, p.62

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